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Objective:To investigate the level of serum Omentin-1 in subjects with abdominal obesity, and to analyze the influencing factors of Omentin-1 and its relationship with body fat distribution, insulin resistance and metabolic parameters.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of one hundred and fifty adults with abdominal obesity (BMI≥28 kg/m 2) who were randomly selected from Obesity Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Subei People's Hospital from Januray 2018 to December 2021. Meanwhile, 150 healthy adults were enrolled as a normal control group. Fasting serum Omentin-1 and glucose metabolism were measured, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Body fat composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The relationship between Omentin-1 and other variables were presented by the Pearson correlation coefficients. Stepwise regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of Omentin-1. Results:The serum omentin-1 level of patients with abdominal obesity was (36.97±6.99) μg/L, that of normal control group was (72.35±6.09) μg/L. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=46.69, P<0.001). The body fat level of patients with abdominal obesity was (43.40±14.59) kg, that of normal control group was (13.78±4.13) kg. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=23.93, P<0.001). The fasting insulin of patients with abdominal obesity was 29.05 (22.01,34.60) pmol/L, that of normal control group was 127.90 (84.08,201.45) pmol/L. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant( Z=14.75, P<0.001). The HOMA-IR of patients with abdominal obesity was 0.87 (0.68,1.05), that of normal control group was 4.19 (2.77,7.31). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=14.75, P<0.001). Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that serum omentin-1 levels were negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat, visceral Fat area (VFA), HOMA-IR, triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r=-0.825, -0.843, -0.756, -0.777, -0.835, -0.583, -0.429, -0.353, -0.503, -0.938, all P<0.001). Whereas, a significantly positive correlation was found between serum Omentin-1 levels and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r=0.528, P<0.001). Omentin-1 concentrations were not related to age or gender ( r=-0.093, -0.040; P=0.669, 0.489). In multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, only VFA remained significantly associated with Omentin-1 ( β=-0.026, t=-2.250, P=0.026). Conclusion:The level of serum omentin-1 in patients with abdominal obesity was significantly lower than that in normal subjects, and it was closely related to body fat distribution and insulin resistance. VFA is an independent influencing factor of serum omentin-1, which can be used as a biomarker of abdominal obesity related metabolic disorders.
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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of artesunate on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat. Methods Twenty-five SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (Sham group), model group (IRI group), low-dose artesunate group (ART-L group), high-dose artesunate group (ART-H group) and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor group (INF39 group), with 5 rats in each group. The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and pathological damage of renal tissue were analyzed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in serum were quantitatively measured. The expression level of IL-1β in renal tissues was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins were detected by fluorescent staining and Western blot. Results Compared with the Sham group, the levels of Scr and BUN were higher, the renal tissue injury was aggravated, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βwere higher, and the expression levels of kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), pyroptosis-related protein NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase-1), Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and IL-1β proteins were higher in the IRI group. Compared with the IRI group, the levels of Scr and BUN were decreased, the renal tissue injury was mitigated, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were down-regulated, and the expression levels of KIM-1, NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD and IL-1β proteins were down-regulated in the ART-L, ART-H and INF39 groups. Conclusions Artesunate may inhibit pyroptosis induced by NLRP3 inflammasome, down-regulate the expression levels of pyroptosis -related proteins, reduce the release of inflammatory factors after renal IRI and alleviate renal IRI.
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Transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an important examination for rectal tumors. The inhomogeneity of the CEUS images has important clinical significance. However, there is no objective method to evaluate this index. In this study, a method based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is proposed to extract texture features of images and grade these images according the inhomogeneity. Specific processes include compressing the gray level of the image, calculating the texture statistics of gray level co-occurrence matrix, combining feature selection and principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction, and training and validating quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). After ten cross-validation, the overall accuracy rate of machine classification was 87.01%, and the accuracy of each level was as follows: Grade Ⅰ 52.94%, Grade Ⅱ 96.48% and Grade Ⅲ 92.35% respectively. The proposed method has high accuracy in judging grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ images, which can help to identify the grade of inhomogeneity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of rectal tumors, and may be used to assist clinical doctors in judging the grade of inhomogeneity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound of rectal tumors.
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Humans , Discriminant Analysis , Rectal Neoplasms , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) or combination with tapered hypnotic agents. Methods Seventy-five patients were randomized into either CBT-i group (n=37) or combination group (n=38). The duration of treatment lasted for 8 weeks. The efficacy was evaluated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI),Beck depression index (BDI),Beck anxiety inventory(BAI) and sleep diary variables at baseline, middle and end of treatment. Results (1)Compared with the results at baseline, the total scores of PSQI,BDI and BAI in both groups significantly decreased at the end of treatment: CBT-i group, PSQI (4.7±2.5) vs. (12.9±3.5); BDI (3.2±4.4) vs. (9.7±6.4); BAI (4.2±5.6) vs. (10.7±8.1); and combination group, PSQI (5.8±2.8) vs. (13.9±3.1); BDI (4.5±4.8) vs. (13.8±8.7); BAI (4.4±4.0) vs. (14.1±6.3) (all P<0.01). (2) Compared with the results at baseline, subjective sleep quality (SQ), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep disturbance (SD) and used sleep medication (USM) in PSQI in combination group significantly decreased at week 4 and 8 (all P<0.05). The total sleep time (TST) and daytime dysfunction (DF) in PSQI significantly decreased at week 8 (both P<0.05). (3) Compared with combination group, improvement of SOL and SE in CBT-i group was superior (both P=0.01). Conclusions CBT-i for chronic insomnia is effective in both CBT-i alone and combination with tapered hypnotic agents. CBT-i group is superior in improving SOL and SE. Combination regimen in our study can significantly reduce the doses of medication.
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Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) in chronic insomnia patients in terms of the improvements of psychological and sleep diary parameters. Methods Patients who met the diagnostic criteria of chronic insomnia, were divided into primary group or comorbid group. Both groups received standard CBT-i interventions. Psychological scales and sleep diaries were used to evaluate participants' severity of insomnia and psychological conditions related to insomnia at four time points:before intervention (baseline), immediate after intervention, 4 weeks and 16 weeks after intervention. Results Both groups achieved significant improvements after intervention on psychological measurements and sleep diary parameters. Such improvements were maintained at 4-week and 16-week follow-ups. The sleep diary data indicated that by the end of the intervention, there were significant differences on sleep onset latency(51.72 min to 10.53 min in primary group, P<0.01;59.26 min to 15.67min in comorbid group, P<0.01)and sleep efficiency (71％to 95％in primary group, P<0.01;68％to 90％in comorbid group, P<0.01). There were differences on sleep onset latency (10.00 min vs. 13.93 min,P<0.05), total sleep time (355.71 min vs. 327.85 min, P<0.05) and sleep efficiency (95％vs. 91％, P<0.01) in primary group and comorbid group respectively. No differences were found on wake after sleep onset in the two groups. Conclusions Chronic insomnia patients with or without comorbidities both have improvements after CBT-i. Sleep diary parameters rather than psychological measurements are different in two groups. Thus, CBT-i is an effective non-pharmaceutical therapy inpatients with chronic insomnia.
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Objective To describe our experience with the transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in female patients,and to evaluate its clinical value.Methods Between May 2010 and April 2017,a total of 289 female patients underwent transvaginal NOTES in our center,including 31cases of adrenal tumors,46 cases of renal tumors,188 cases of non-functional kidneys,5 cases of renal cysts,4 cases of duplex kidney,7 cases of renal tuberculosis and 8 cases of renal pelvis tumors.Among them,146 cases were on the left side,142 cases on the right side,and 1 case on both sides (renal cysts).The median age was 39.4 (range 23 to 76) years,and the median body mass index was 21.8(range 15.4 to 32.6) kg/m2.After general anesthesia,the patients were positioned in lithotomy with ipsilateral lumbar at 30°-60° angle to the floor.Hybrid and pure transvaginal NOTES were performed.The specimen was removed through an extended incision at the posterior vaginal fornix.Results Transvaginal NOTES was successfully completed in 281 patients.Two patients required conversion to suprapubic-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site surgery because of the rectal injury in pure transvaginal NOTES nephrectomy.Six patients underwent open conversion.The various transvaginal hybrid NOTES procedures included adrenalectomy (31 cases),nephrectomy (206 cases;simple 174 cases,radical 32 cases),partial nephrectomy (13 cases),heminephroureterctomy for duplex kidney (4 cases) and hybrid endoscopy for nephroureterectomy (7 cases).The mean operative time was 105 min (45-310 min),the mean estimated blood loss was 87 ml (20-800 ml),the mean visual analogue score (VAS) of 48 hours after operation was 2.5 (1-4) points and the mean hospitalization was 7.3 d (4-13 d) for transvaginal hybrid NOTES.The various pure transvaginal NOTES procedures included nephrectomy (22 cases;simple 21,radical 1),renal cyst excision (5 cases).The mean operative time was 170 min (60-320 min),the mean estimated blood loss was 140 ml (20-500 ml),the mean VAS of 48 hours after operation was 1.7 (1-3) points and the mean hospitalization was 5.5 d (3-10 d) for transvaginal pure NOTES.Complications occurred in 56 cases (19.38％),including 20 cases (6.92％) of severe complications,and no death occurred.After a mean follow-up of 51 (range 3 to 86) months,umbilicus scar was hidden.The incision in the vagina healed well.No infection in the abdominal or pelvic cavity or celiocele occurred.The umbilicus scar is not obvious after surgery,and 3 months after surgery.The median Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) score was 38 (31-58) and the median Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score was 28.2 (22.5-32.2),and the quality of life index was significantly higher than that of preoperation.Condusions Transvaginal NOTES could treat variousprimary diseases,and improve the postoperative quality of life.It does not increase the incidence of related complications,or cause negative effect on the female sexual function,pregnancy or fertility.It can lead to good cosmetic outcome and less pain,which is worth applying in clinical practice.
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Objective To describe our experience with the transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in female patients,and to evaluate its clinical value.Methods Between May 2010 and April 2017,a total of 289 female patients underwent transvaginal NOTES in our center,including 31cases of adrenal tumors,46 cases of renal tumors,188 cases of non-functional kidneys,5 cases of renal cysts,4 cases of duplex kidney,7 cases of renal tuberculosis and 8 cases of renal pelvis tumors.Among them,146 cases were on the left side,142 cases on the right side,and 1 case on both sides (renal cysts).The median age was 39.4 (range 23 to 76) years,and the median body mass index was 21.8(range 15.4 to 32.6) kg/m2.After general anesthesia,the patients were positioned in lithotomy with ipsilateral lumbar at 30°-60° angle to the floor.Hybrid and pure transvaginal NOTES were performed.The specimen was removed through an extended incision at the posterior vaginal fornix.Results Transvaginal NOTES was successfully completed in 281 patients.Two patients required conversion to suprapubic-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site surgery because of the rectal injury in pure transvaginal NOTES nephrectomy.Six patients underwent open conversion.The various transvaginal hybrid NOTES procedures included adrenalectomy (31 cases),nephrectomy (206 cases;simple 174 cases,radical 32 cases),partial nephrectomy (13 cases),heminephroureterctomy for duplex kidney (4 cases) and hybrid endoscopy for nephroureterectomy (7 cases).The mean operative time was 105 min (45-310 min),the mean estimated blood loss was 87 ml (20-800 ml),the mean visual analogue score (VAS) of 48 hours after operation was 2.5 (1-4) points and the mean hospitalization was 7.3 d (4-13 d) for transvaginal hybrid NOTES.The various pure transvaginal NOTES procedures included nephrectomy (22 cases;simple 21,radical 1),renal cyst excision (5 cases).The mean operative time was 170 min (60-320 min),the mean estimated blood loss was 140 ml (20-500 ml),the mean VAS of 48 hours after operation was 1.7 (1-3) points and the mean hospitalization was 5.5 d (3-10 d) for transvaginal pure NOTES.Complications occurred in 56 cases (19.38％),including 20 cases (6.92％) of severe complications,and no death occurred.After a mean follow-up of 51 (range 3 to 86) months,umbilicus scar was hidden.The incision in the vagina healed well.No infection in the abdominal or pelvic cavity or celiocele occurred.The umbilicus scar is not obvious after surgery,and 3 months after surgery.The median Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) score was 38 (31-58) and the median Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score was 28.2 (22.5-32.2),and the quality of life index was significantly higher than that of preoperation.Condusions Transvaginal NOTES could treat variousprimary diseases,and improve the postoperative quality of life.It does not increase the incidence of related complications,or cause negative effect on the female sexual function,pregnancy or fertility.It can lead to good cosmetic outcome and less pain,which is worth applying in clinical practice.
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Objective To explore the mechanism of mTOR-mediated liver cancer cell invasion.Methods q-PCR was used to check the expression of miR-27a and GP73;miR-27a mimics were transfected into GP73-high expressing M97H cells and miR-27a inhibitors were transfected into GP73-low expressing HepG2 cells,q-PCR and Western blot were performed to observe the expression of GP73;Dual-luciferase assay was also performed to verify the binding sites of miR-27a in GP73 3'UTR;miR-27a mimics were transfected into M97H cells and miR-27a inhibitors were transfected into HepG2 cells,Transwell assay was used to measure cell invasion.Results mTOR downregulated miR-27a and upregulated GP73;GP73 was downregulated by miR-27a and upregulated by miR-27a suppression;GP73 was a target gene of miR-27a;miR-27a inhibited the invasion of M97H cells rather than HepG2 cells.Conclusions miR-27a is negatively regulated by mTOR and inhibits liver cancer cell invasion via targeting GP73.
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Aim To investigate the effects of silencing MALAT1 gene on cell proliferation inhibition and apop-tosis induced by Melittin in human hepatocellular car-cinoma HepG2 cells. Methods The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation treated with Melittin in HepG2 cells was examined by MTT assay. Apoptotic rate was detec-ted by flow cytometry. The MALAT1 expression level in HepG2 cells was measured by qPCR. Specific siR-NAs were utilized to silence MALAT1 expression. The rates of cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells treated with siRNA and Melittin were compared with those of Melittin alone. Results Melit-tin significantly suppressed the growth of HepG2 and induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with normal liver cell lines, MALAT1 was highly expressed in HepG2 cells ( P<0. 05 ) . The ex-pression of MALAT1 in HepG2 cells was inhibited by Melittin, and the inhibitory rate increased with the in-crease of concentration. The rates of cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells treated with siRNA and Melittin were significantly higher than those treated merely with Melittin. Conclusion Melittin can reduce the expression of MALAT1 and silencing MALAT1 can effectively promote proliferation inhibi-tion and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by Melittin.
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Objective To investigate the impact of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endo-scopic surgery(NOTES)-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy on female sexual function and quality of life . Methods This was a prospective study on the change of female sexual function and quality of life of female patients who underwent transvaginal NOTES-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy from May .2011 to Nov. 2012.A total of 42 cases were included in this study (28 of them with severe hydronephrosis , non-functio-ning kidney , 11 with pyelonephrosis , 1 with renal tuberculosis , 1 with duplex kidney complicated with hy-dronephrosis, and 1 with renal angiomyolipoma ).The mean age was 36.9±5.3 (26-45) years, and the mean body mass index was 21.7±2.6 (14.7 to 27.1) kg/m2.Twenty-four cases were operated on the left side, 18 cases on the right .The female sexual function and quality of life were assessed before and 4 months, 7 months and 1 year after surgery using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire and the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), respectively. Results The mean FSFI of 42 cases preoperatively and 4 months, 7 months and 1 yr postoperatively were 27.74 ±4.34, 27.19 ±4.49, 28.54±4.23, and 28.68 ±4.19, respectively.There was no statistically significant difference among them (F=1.111, P=0.346).Compared with that of preoperation , the physical function, vitality, metal health, body pain, and general health of the patients were improved , but the role-physical, role-emotion and social function were not improved at postoperative month 4 and month 7 (P<0.05).Each item of SF-36 was im-proved after postoperative 1 year ( P<0.05) . Conclusions Transvaginal NOTES-assisted laparoscopic ne-phrectomy does not cause negative effect on the female sexual function .The quality of life can be improved after operation .The physical function is improved at early stage , and the psychological function as well .
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The protein production system using a baculovirus Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV) as a gene expression vector and its host insect as a natural bioreactor was successful established and its excellent performance in the protein production has been demonstrated. In this paper, the system is used to produce recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF), which have been widely used in medical and cosmetic treatment. A recombinant AnpehEGF virus has been constructed by replacing the viral polyhedrin gene with the rhEGF gene, and then injected it to Samia cynthia ricini pupae. Amplification and expression of rhEGF gene in the pupae was clearly detected by PCR, Western blot and ELISA analyses. These analyses have also revealed that rhEGF in the pupae was significantly increased at 6 days post-infection, and reached maximum level at the 12th day. The concentrations of rhEGF were 19.77, 24.90, 618.59 and 1 952.46 ng/g pupae at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days post-infection, respectively. However, the rhEGF concentration reduced at later stage (days 15). The rhEGF in the pupae could be purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Ni-NTA agrose affinity chromatography. Results demonstrate that Samia cynthia ricini pupae can be used as a bioreactor to produce rhEGF and, if successfully improved, will be a novel method of rhEGF production with lower cost and more efficient.
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Animals , Humans , Amino Acid Sequence , Bombyx , Genetics , Metabolism , Epidermal Growth Factor , Genetics , Genetic Vectors , Genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Nucleopolyhedroviruses , Genetics , Recombinant Proteins , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To study the dynamic changes of injury and apoptosis of liver induced by lipid metabolic disturbance in the rats with diabetes mellitus and their correlation with the expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c)and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK).Methods Experimental animals were randomly divided into 4 groups:diabetesgroup(n=64)induced by high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet plus intra-peritoneal streptozeotocin(STZ)injection,normal control(n=37)fed regular diet and receiving citric buffer solution injection,STZ group(n=42)fed regular diet and receiving STZ injection,high gluaxeard fat group(n =37)receiving citric buffer solution injection.Body weight,liver weight,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterole(TC),alanine transaminase(ALT),asparate transaminase(AST)were detected at various time intervals.The changes of liver histopathology and ultrastructure were observed by ES and Sudan Ⅲ stanings,transmission electrom microscope.The expressions of SREBP-1c and JNK mRNAs and proteins were determined by real time-PCR methods.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results The diabetic rats showed much lower body weight(P＜0.05)and higher liver weight than controls,STZ group and high-carbohydrate and fat group(P＜0.05),while showed higher levels(P＜0.05)of serum FPG,FINS,TG,TC,ALT,AST.Diabetic rats exhibited fatty degeneration of liver cells accompanied by inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis.Organelle structures were more disturbed and apoptosis was more obviou along with longer course of disease.The expressions of SREBP-1c,JNK proteins and mRNA were significantly enhanced.The rats fed high-carbohydrate and fat diet also showed similar liver lesions and enhanced SREBP-1c,J NK proteins and mRNA expressions but not as severe as in diabetes group Conclusions Insulin resistance and high blood glucose may induce diabetic hepatopathy.The high expressions of JNK and SREBP-1c may play important roles in liver lipid metabolism disorders and cell apoptosis.
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Objective To study the roles of abnormal expressions of Caspase-8 and protein kinase C(PKC)-β of cardiomyocytes in the development of the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte in diabetic rat. Methods Rats were divided into 4 groups:(1)normal control (NC, n=37),(2)rats given STZ injection and normal diet(STZ,n= 42), (3) rats fed with high fat and high sngar ( HFS, n= 37), (4)rats given STZ injection and high fat and high sugar diet (type 2 DM, n=64). Plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were detected. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and their hearts were examined. Pathological changes were observed and the expressions of Caspase-8, PKC-β mRNA were determined by real time-PCR method; apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results (1)The body weight was higher in HFS group than in other three groups, and progressively decreased in type 2 diabetes group. The glucose level was highest in diabetic group, and was similar between groups of HFS and NC. (2)The apoptosis showed tendency to ascend during course of disease in diabetes model group. (3)The expressions of Caspase-8 and PKC-β mRNA were significantly enhanced in diabetes model group than in normal control group, and had a tendency to ascend during the course of disease.(4)The myocardial cells of the diabetic rats were rarified and swelling, fibrosis was observed. (5)At the 16th week, the level of plasma glucose was correlated positively with the expressions of Caspase-8 and PKC-β mRNA. Conclusions The enhancement of expressions of Caspase-8 amd PKC-β may play iportat rols in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy,in which apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes increased.
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Objective To study the development of cardiomyopathy complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the rats. Methods The 120 health male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 4 groups: (1)STZ-modeled diabetes, fed with high-carbohydrate plus high-fat diet (n=40);(2)fed with regular diet (n=30);(3)and (4)SD rats with citrate buffer instead of STZ injection, fed with high-carbohydrate and high fat diet (n= 25);and fed with regular diet (n= 25); At the 4th, 8 th, 12 th and 16 th week after the intra-peritoneal injection of STZ solution or citrate buffer solution, rats from each group were scarified and examined. Results There were no significant differences in body mass and blood glucose among those groups after one week of feeding (P＞0. 05).After 4 weeks of feeding before injection, the body mass, fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin sensitive index (ISI) were obviously increased in diabetes group and high-carbohydrate plus high-fat control group as compared with STZ control group and normal control group (P＜ 0. 05). There were no significant differences between diabetes group and high-carbohydrate plus high-fat control group,between STZ control group and normal control group (P＞0. 05). After injection, the blood glucose,body mass, ventricular mass, TG and TC were higher in diabetes group and high-carbohydrate plus high-lipid control group than in STZ control group and normal control group (P＜0.05). The above parameters were much higher in diabetes group than in high-carbohydrate plus high-lipid control group, but there was no difference between STZ control group and normal control group (P＜0. 05).Pathological examination showed that the weight of the heart was significantly increased, the myocardial cells were hypertrophied accompanying degenerative changes and apoptosis, the interstitial collagen fibers were hyperplasia in the diabetic rats. The ultrastructures also presented severe damage.These changes indicated that cardiomyopathy was induced in the diabetes rats. Although similar changes were found in the rats fed with high-carbohydrate plus high-fat diet, they were much less significant than those in the diabetic rats. Conclusions Cardiomyopathy developes frequently in the rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by feeding high-carbohydrate plus high-lipid diet and single intra-peritonial injection of 30 mg/kg STZ solution.
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Objective To describe the initial clinical experience of transvaginal NOTES-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. Methods From May to June 2010, 4 female patients with non-functioning kidney and 1 female patient with renal tuberculosis underwent transvaginal NOTES-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. The median age was 41 years (range 36 to 63). Three lesions were on the right side, and 2 on the left. After induction of general anesthesia, the patients were positioned in lithotomy with ipsilateral lumbar at 60° angle to the operating table. A 5 mm Trocar and a 10 mm Trocar were placed through the umbilicus, and a 10 mm Trocar for 30° laparoscope was placed through the posterior vaginal fornix under direct vision. The kidneys were put into a home-made bag and removed via the incision of posterior vaginal fornix after there were completely resected. Results The 5 procedures were successfully finished. The median operative time was 190 (range 150 to 260)min. The median estimated blood loss was 185 (range 150 to 210) ml. There were no intra-operative or postoperative complications. The patients resumed ambulation 1 day after surgery, and resumed nutrition 2 days after surgery. The drainages were removed on postoperactive day 3. The patients were discharged on postoperative day 7. The incision in vagina healed well. Conclusions Transvaginal NOTES-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy is feasible and reproducible. This novel technique may provide additional benefits related to postoperative pain, recovery, and cosmetic results even when compared to today's minimally invasive procedures.